企业竞争力、盈余持续性与不对称性

以我国沪深两市上市公司为研究样本,实证分析企业会计特征和竞争力特征对盈余持续性的影响后发现,上述特征显著影响会计盈余的持续性。此外,实证结果揭示了持续性高的盈余向资本市场传递更多正面的信息,提高公司的市场反应;如果资本市场未能反映盈余持续性的信息,投资者据此制定的交易策略就能获得超额收益。     

论财政风险管理视角下总预算会计改革

政府负债方面的会计信息对于财政风险管理有举足轻重的作用。然而,现行财政总预算会计制度由于主体地位的缺失造成会计信息的不统一,科目设置的单一造成核算信息不明晰,收付实现制基础造成负债信息不完整,这些必然影响到财政风险管理所需要的信息数量和质量。因此,文章基于财政风险管理的角度,提出增强总预算会计的统一性,明晰政府负债的核算内容、并结合逐步引入＂权责发生制＂等措施对财政总预算会计制度进行改革的建议和措施。     

股市周期、投资者情绪与盈余管理——来自中国A股市场的证据

将中国大陆1394家上市公司2004年至2007年期间5576份年报,分为熊市悲观样本组与牛市乐观样本组,用Givoly&Hayn(2000)的应计项目模型和Ball&Shiva-kumar(2005)的应计项/现金流模型进行实证检验。研究发现:熊市悲观样本组的应计利润以及非经营性应计利润较低,会计盈余下降周期与熊市悲观周期吻合;牛市乐观样本组的应计利润以及非经营性应计利润较高,会计盈余上升周期与牛市乐观周期一致。上市公司经营者(代理人)操纵应计项目以及刻意安排应计项目在牛市与熊市之间回转,使得熊市悲观周期会计盈余被低估而牛市乐观周期会计盈余被高估,以迎合投资者(委托人)牛市过度乐观而熊市过度悲观的情绪和盈余预期。     

国内外会计异象研究动态与述评

会计异象长期以来受到学术界的高度关注,会计异象主要体现为应计异象、盈余公告后的价格漂移异象和价值-魅力异象。近10年来,学术界对会计异象问题的研究主要集中在:会计异象产生的原因、会计异象与其他市场异象之间的关系、会计异象的持续性、会计异象的普遍性等几个方面。未来学术界需要进一步对投资者行为及资产定价模型进行实证研究,需要对我国特定市场背景下的会计异象问题进行深入研究。     

新会计准则与应计异象

我国自2007年1月1日起在上市公司实施与国际会计准则趋同的新会计准则,新会计准则实施后的效果或经济后果如何,其对我国资本市场效率有何影响,成为理论界和实务界共同关注的焦点。新会计准则由收入费用观的制定理念转向了资产负债观,这使得会计盈余各个组成部分的持续性、稳健性和价值相关性发生了深刻的变化。本文以应计异象为切入点,研究新会计准则下中国资本市场的证券定价效率问题。本文比较了新会计准则实施前后会计盈余各组成部分的持续性,发现应计利润的持续性显著降低,应计利润与现金流量持续性差异显著提高。然而,进一步的研究发现,Sloan(1996)的投资组合套利策略并不能获得超常回报,这与旧准则下10%左右的超常回报明显不同。这表明,公允价值模式的采用虽然使得会计盈余的稳健性、持续性有所降低,但却使市场定价效率得到了显著提升。     

Conditional conservatism and persistence of accrual components

We examine whether conditional conservatism affects the persistence of accrual components associated with varying degrees of reliability. Using a sample of 102,416 firm‐year observations from 1968 to 2006, we found that conservatism reduces the persistence of more reliable accruals, but not less reliable accruals. Our evidence suggests managers' discretion in practicing conservatism convention may have caused the low persistence of less reliable accruals. Our results inform capital market participants, such as financial analysts, that managers may incorporate more bad news into more reliable accruals than in less reliable accruals, leading to lower persistence of more reliable accruals than less reliable accruals. We expect that analysts can improve forecasting efficiency by understanding the differential implications of accounting conservatism on different accrual components. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Product market competition and earnings management: Evidence from discretionary accruals and real activity manipulation

We examine the association between product market competition and earnings management activities. We use the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), a widely used measure for market concentration, as a proxy for product market competition. We examine two forms of earnings management: accrual-based and real activity-based. Our results are mixed, but generally suggest that both income-increasing accrual manipulation and real activity-based manipulation are more prevalent among firms in low competition industries than those in high competition industries. Our findings are robust to various measures of earnings management, alternative measures of product market competitions, and different subsamples. We further explore the reasons why firms in low competition industries are more inclined to manage earnings and find that the market consequences of missing important earnings targets are more severe among firms in low competition industries than those in high competition industries.     

The macroeconomic effects of tax changes: Evidence using real-time data for the European Union

This paper examines the macroeconomic effects of tax changes in the European Union between 2000 and 2016. The novelty of our approach hinges on the use of real-time estimates of discretionary fiscal adjustments. In particular, exploiting a unique database covering anticipated and unanticipated tax changes, we provide the first narrative panel estimates of output and employment multipliers for tax changes. Our results suggest that medium-term revenue-based output multipliers are in the range of −1.1 to −1.9 for unanticipated tax changes. Preannounced changes, on the other hand, temporarily impact economic activity inversely upon announcement, resulting in a less than one-to-one change in ex post tax receipts, but portray up to one percentage point larger employment responses. Finally, we find evidence of asymmetry between the effects of revenue increasing and decreasing measures in the European Union.     

全面收益的确认与计量探讨

全面收益与净收益相比,既具有一致性,又有所不同,全面收益的范围比净收益广泛得多。全面收益采用历史成本、公允价值、可变现净值、未来现金流量现值等多种计量模式,对确认方法、标准及原则等各方面均进行相应改进后,突破了实现原则、体现了适度谨慎原则、改善了会计信息质量,可提供对决策更相关、更可靠的信息,提高收益信息的评价与预测功能,从而使全面收益的确认具有可定义性、可计量性、相关性和可靠性。